如何在學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作或科技文獻(xiàn)中區(qū)辨 affect和 effect？由于affect 和 effect 這兩個(gè)詞，它們都各有名詞和動(dòng)詞的形式，且兩種詞性各有不同的意義。再者，這兩個(gè)字在拼寫(xiě)上只差一個(gè)字母，連發(fā)音也很接近，相當(dāng)容易造成混淆。雖然它們看起來(lái)相似，但一旦誤用，將完全改變句子的意思。

基本意思

‘Affect’常用作動(dòng)詞。這意味著要影響某事。

例如：

Diet affects a person’s risk of cancer.

Diet 積極影響 a person’s risk of cancer.

‘Effect’是一個(gè)名詞。它表示結(jié)果，即操作的結(jié)果。

例如：

An effect of global warming is poorer air quality.

我們正在描述一個(gè)動(dòng)作（global warming）的結(jié)果（poorer air quality）。

‘Affect’ 和 ‘Effect’通?？梢曰Q

X has an effect on Y.

X is affected by Y.

這些陳述具有相同的含義。

快速提醒動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

請(qǐng)記住，“affect”常作動(dòng)詞使用，而“effect”常用作名詞。下表僅適用于“affect”。有關(guān)更多信息，請(qǐng)參閱我們之前的文章：科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用。

識(shí)別名詞的快速方法

請(qǐng)記住，‘effect’作為名詞，可能會(huì)以定冠詞/不定冠詞開(kāi)頭，例如‘a(chǎn)n effect’, ‘its effect’, ‘the effect’ …等。

替代動(dòng)詞/名詞

當(dāng)你不知道到底該怎么使用這兩個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候，使用替代的動(dòng)詞/名詞會(huì)有所幫助。如果使用替代動(dòng)詞保留了語(yǔ)句的含義，則“affect”是正確的。如果使用替代名詞保留了語(yǔ)句的含義，則“effect”是正確的。

科技文獻(xiàn)中使用這兩個(gè)單詞的真實(shí)示例

• Sleep deprivation negatively affects various cognitive performances.
• The effect of resistance exercise on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes is unclear.
• In this study, we focused on events of severe water limitation that affect ecosystem structure and functioning.
• The potential difference between the model alloys and aluminum was affected by pH value.
• We investigated the effects of temperature on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure.
• Global warming will affect the genetic diversity and uniqueness of Lycaena hellepopulations.
• All cultivars grown were affected at approximately 5 to 35% symptomatic plants per field.
• In this study, we examine the factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity.
• The high molecular weight glutenin subunits were the most affected.
• Aspirin has shown a protective effect in population-based studies.
• Naturally occurring VHL mutations have been evaluated to determine their effect on HIF-a ubiquitination.
• A favorable effect of high intakes of milk and yogurt has been suggested by a hospital-based case-control study.
• In addition to its effect on p53 checkpoint function, deletion of p14AR7 also affects the expression of p27.

在區(qū)辨這兩個(gè)詞的時(shí)候，大家可以參考以下這條規(guī)則：affect 常作為動(dòng)詞使用，而 effect 則常用作名詞。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

https://www.internationalscienceediting.com/affect-or-effect/