潛在的審稿人通常在收到同行評審邀請時，只會看到文章的標(biāo)題和摘要。只有在接受審稿邀請后，他們才能獲得完整的論文全文和其他支持材料。因此，你的文章標(biāo)題和摘要對于吸引和確保正確的審稿人進(jìn)行審稿至關(guān)重要。

在這篇文章中，國際科學(xué)編輯-ISE將和大家一起討論：如何通過優(yōu)秀的文章標(biāo)題和摘要給審稿人留下良好的第一印象，確保你的論文能發(fā)給最合適的同行評審專家。

標(biāo)題

在論文從投稿到接收的過程中，標(biāo)題同樣非常重要。英國的一項針對期刊編輯的調(diào)查顯示，一個好的標(biāo)題能夠占到論文寫作技巧印象分的50%左右。

一個結(jié)構(gòu)良好的標(biāo)題（通常為10-20個單詞）能讓審稿人立即理解論文的內(nèi)容，而無需閱讀全文。 你的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是盡可能讓標(biāo)題簡潔而富含信息量。

想了解有關(guān)標(biāo)題寫作的更多信息，請參考ISE的文章：如何寫出最有效的論文標(biāo)題（點擊回顧）

摘要

結(jié)構(gòu)良好的摘要（通常為200-300個單詞）通常遵循IMRD / C模式

(Introdcution, Method, Result, Discussion/Conclusion）結(jié)構(gòu)，讀起來類似于一篇縮小版的論文。

看起來容易做起來難，寫一個好摘要是一件很令人頭疼的事，甚至有只憑借寫摘要這件事本身就是可以發(fā)篇論文的：

在構(gòu)建摘要時，要考慮以下幾點：

?保持簡明扼要的介紹。

?在引言中闡述這項研究的理由。

?明確說明研究假設(shè)/目標(biāo)。

?保持方法簡潔，為結(jié)果和結(jié)論節(jié)省空間。

?結(jié)果應(yīng)構(gòu)成摘要的主體部分。

?用詞要兼顧效果的方向和大小（例如 e.g., lower, fewer, reduced; greater, more, increased ）和運用數(shù)字。

例如，

差的題目：“Daily pain scores differed significantly between gabapentin-treated patients and placebo-treated patients”

好的題目：“Daily pain scores were significantly lower in gabapentin-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients (2.8 vs. 5.1, p<0.001)”

?包括文章所有的發(fā)現(xiàn)。結(jié)果應(yīng)該清楚地反映完整的報告，即不僅要提出具有統(tǒng)計意義的結(jié)果，還要排除那些不具有統(tǒng)計意義的結(jié)果。

?包括任何矛盾或負(fù)面的調(diào)查結(jié)果。

?提及研究的所有局限性。

?闡述與假設(shè)/目標(biāo)相關(guān)的主要結(jié)論。

優(yōu)秀的標(biāo)題和摘要舉例

文章標(biāo)題

The seroprevalence of untreated chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors in male Irish prisoners: a cross-sectional study, 2017 [2]

Abstract

Introduction: Data on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence in European prisons are incomplete and impact the public health opportunity that incarceration provides. We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of untreated chronic HCV infection and to identify associated risk factors in an Irish male prison.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a researcher-administered questionnaire, review of medical records and HCV serology.

Results: Of 422 prisoners (78.0% of the study population) who participated in the study, 298 (70.6%) completed the questionnaire and 403 (95.5%) were tested for HCV antibodies. Of those tested, 92 (22.8%) were HCV antibody-positive, and of those, 53 (57.6%) were HCV RNA-positive, 23 (25.0%) had spontaneous clearance, 16 (17.4%) had a sustained viral response, 10 (11.0%) were co-infected with HIV and six (6.0%) with hepatitis B virus. The untreated chronic HCV seroprevalence estimate was 13.1% and the seroprevalence of HCV among prisoners with a history of injecting drug use (IDU) was 79.7%. Risk factors significantly associated with past HCV infection were IDU (p?< 0.0001), having received a prison tattoo (p < 0.0001) or a non-sterile community tattoo (p < 0.0001), sharing needles and other drug-taking paraphernalia (p < 0.0001). Small numbers of prisoners had a history of sharing razors (n=10; 3.4%) and toothbrushes (n=3; 1.0%) while incarcerated. On multivariable analysis, history of receiving a non-sterile community tattoo was the only significant risk factor associated with HCV acquisition (after IDU was removed from the model) (p = 0.005, β = 0.468).

Conclusion: The level of untreated chronic HCV infection in Irish prisons is high, with IDU the main associated risk.

結(jié)構(gòu)較差的標(biāo)題和摘要

文章標(biāo)題

Injecting drug use is a risk factor for hepatitis C virus in Irish prisons [2, modified]

該標(biāo)題僅僅關(guān)注了研究的一個方面 - 在研究中確定的HCV的關(guān)鍵風(fēng)險因素，即注射吸毒史。然而，其實這個研究也確認(rèn)了其他風(fēng)險因素，該研究還量化了各種形式疾病的血清陽性率。因此，這個標(biāo)題并不能表明實際上文章數(shù)據(jù)是要更豐富的多。

摘要

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health concern and a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality globally. Despite national guidelines on HCV screening for all prisoners and a community equivalence of care in relation to HCV treatment access, most Irish prisoners are not screened or treated for HCV infection.

這個引言并沒有為這項研究提供明確的解釋，也并沒有說明研究的目的。

Methods: Serological screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was carried out in 422 prisoners in Mountjoy Prison in Dublin, Ireland. A sustained viral response (SVR) was defined as HCV RNA-negative status at 24 weeks after completion of interferon-based treatment and 12 weeks for direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment. Chronic HCV infection was defined as ongoing active infection (HCV RNA-positive) 6 months or more after initial exposure (self-reported data from prisoners’ electronic medical records).

這里描述的方法過于具體，占用了文章研究主旨所需的寶貴空間。

Results: Of the 403 prisoners tested for HCV antibodies, 92 were HCV antibody-positive, and of those, 53 were HCV RNA-positive, 23 had spontaneous clearance, 16 had an SVR, 10 were co-infected with HIV and six with HBV. The untreated chronic HCV seroprevalence estimate was 13.1% and the seroprevalence of HCV among prisoners with a history of injecting drug use (IDU) was 79.7%. Risk factors significantly associated with past HCV infection were IDU, having received a prison tattoo or a non-sterile community tattoo, sharing needles and other drug-taking paraphernalia.

與上面給出的寫得好的例子相比，這里的結(jié)果內(nèi)容大幅減少。許多相關(guān)的研究結(jié)果被排除在外。效果的大小也尚未說明。

Conclusion: Targeting prisoners with a history of IDU for active HCV is a priority given the high HCV prevalence rates in this group.

這一結(jié)論難以遵循，因為它沒有針對研究目標(biāo)進(jìn)行解決。

如何推薦合適的審稿人

大多數(shù)期刊現(xiàn)在要求作者推薦兩到三名潛在的審稿人。如果你的建議與期刊編輯的意見一致，你的建議很可能會得到采納。對作者來說，千萬不要小看了推薦審稿人的舉動，有時候，他對于你文章最終走向或?qū)δ銈€人的學(xué)術(shù)影響可能是巨大的。因此，值得花時間仔細(xì)選擇潛在的審稿人，讓自己處于編輯的角度考慮問題。

通常認(rèn)為，博士后研究人員提供的同行評審報告最為全面[3]。因此，期刊編輯通常的目標(biāo)會確保至少有一名相關(guān)研究人員擔(dān)任審稿人。尋找你所在地區(qū)嶄露頭角的研究人員，特別是那些最近發(fā)表過論文的作者。

向編輯提供一個清晰的描述，闡述每個你推薦的審稿人都合適的原因。如果你能明確地證明他們的合理性，你的選擇更有可能被采納。

想獲取更多推薦審稿人的信息，可以參考ISE以往的微信文章——如何推薦合適的審稿人？

總結(jié)：用少量的用詞恰當(dāng)?shù)年愂龀稣撐牡闹饕獌?nèi)容（標(biāo)題、摘要），突顯出亮點，結(jié)果詳實、同時能夠更加吸引讀者閱讀，增加編輯和審稿人的好感，并推薦幾名審稿人，闡述理由，做到這幾點才是吸引合適審稿人的關(guān)鍵。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

1. Ketcham CM, Hardy RW, Rubin B, Siegal GP. What editors want in an abstract. ?Lab Investig. 2010 90(1):4–5. http://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2009.122

2. Crowley D, Lambert JS, Betts-Symonds G, Cullen W, Keevans M, Kelly E, Laird E, McHugh T, McKiernan S, Miggin SJ, Murphy C. The seroprevalence of untreated chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors in male Irish prisoners: a cross-sectional study, 2017. Euro Surveill. 2019 Apr 4;24(14).

3. Callaham ML, Tercier J. The relationship of previous training and experience of journal peer reviewers to subsequent review quality. PLoS Med. 2007 Jan 30;4(1):e40.

參考文獻(xiàn)：

https://www.internationalscienceediting.com/attract-the-right-reviewers-title-and-abstract/

論文潤色，論文編輯，sci論文潤色